nouns to identify people and objects — singular and plural regular forms, gender, some exceptions; developing awareness of various categories of nouns with common endings such as -ista, -zione, -tore and -trice (for example, il/la dentista, la stazione, il vincitore/la vincitrice) and comparing them to their English equivalents
definite and indefinite articles — use and omission
adjectives to describe things (including agreement and exceptions); and possessive adjectives, for example, Il mio libro
demonstratives, for example, Questo è il libro
interrogatives, for example, Chi, che, cosa, quale, come?
subject pronouns, for example, io, tu, lui, lei
numerals — cardinal, ordinal, dates, time
prepositions of time and place to describe when and where
articulated prepositions with a, da, in, di, su (for recognition only)
commonly used adverbs to qualify verbs and adjectives
verbs describing state (essere), possession (avere) and regular verbs describing actions in the present tense (for example parlare, cantare)
sentence structure to construct simple sentences in Italian ([subject]-verb-object); making statements, asking questions and giving/receiving instructions (verb + object), for example, Chiudi il libro!
negation to form negative statements and questions, for example, Non ti piace il gelato
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